摘要:
氢氦/氚氦混合气快速高效地分离与回收是产氚工艺的关键技术之一。利用液氮温度下吸附剂对氢同位素与氦吸附能力的差异，搭建了双塔式固定床低温吸附-解吸分离氢氦/氚氦的实验装置，通过该实验装置开展了不同组成的氢氦、氚氦混合气的分离实验。实验结果表明：采用双塔式固定床低温吸附-解吸法可以实现不同组成的氢氦、氚氦混合气的快速分离，分离后氦中氢的体积分数低于1.2×10-5，氦的纯度可达到99.998 8%，吸附柱的脱氚率大于97%；双塔式固定床低温吸附-解吸法的解吸氢中含有较高浓度的氦，不适于回收氢；在氚氦分离中采用固定床低温吸附柱是可行的，可作为钯膜分离器的辅助单元。
Abstract:
The separation and recovery of hydrogen-helium and tritium-helium mixture were a key technology for the tritium production process. A separation experiment device for hydrogen-helium and tritium-helium mixture was made by the low temperature adsorption desorption method with the double towers fixed bed, using the difference of adsorption capacity for adsorbents between hydrogen isotopes and helium at liquid nitrogen. The separation experiment of hydrogen-helium and tritium-helium mixture with different composition was developed on this apparatus. The results show that hydrogen-helium and tritium-helium mixture with different composition are quickly separated by the low temperature adsorption-desorption method with the double towers fixed bed, and the hydrogen content in helium is below 1.2×10-5, and helium purity reach 99.998 8%, and detritiation factors of the adsorption column is more than 97%. The low temperature adsorption-desorption method with the double towers is not suitable for the hydrogen recovery, because of desorption hydrogen containing high concentration helium. It is feasible for tritium-helium separation using the fixed bed low temperature adsorption column and acting auxiliary unit of membrane separator.